Firebrand Waves of Digital Activism 1994-2014
The Rise and Spread of Hacktivism and Cyberconflict| By: | Athina Karatzogianni |
| Publisher: | Springer Nature |
| Print ISBN: | 9780230242463 |
| eText ISBN: | 9781137317933 |
| Edition: | 0 |
| Copyright: | 2015 |
| Format: | Reflowable |
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This book introduces four waves of upsurge in digital activism and cyberconflict. The rise of digital activism started in 1994, was transformed by the events of 9/11, culminated in 2011 with the Arab Spring uprisings, and entered a transformative phase of control and mainstreaming since 2013 with the Snowden affair.